簡介：Pharmacology and pharmacy have been among the big successes of higher education, with big increases in applications and places in recent years. Applications continued to grow in spite of the switch to higher fees in 2012 and the subjects are in the top five for employment prospects. Only 3 per cent of new graduates were unemployed at the end of 2010, when 93 per cent were already in graduate-level jobs or continuing their studies. There were more than seven applications for every place in 2011, despite another increase in places for first-year students. Six more universities qualify for the latest table this year, making 13 additions in five years. Departments in England are evenly split between those specialising in pharmacy and pharmacology. Only four cover both. Since 1997, pharmacy degrees have been converted to the four-year MPharm, whereas pharmacology is available either as a three-year BSc or as an extended course. Most degrees require chemistry and another science or maths at A level or the equivalent. Surprisingly, given graduates’ success in the labour market, the subjects are not high in the earnings league: average starting salaries of just over ￡20,230 for graduate-level jobs place them 32nd out of the 62 subject groups. Cambridge remains top of the table, having taken the lead for the first time in five years in the 2012 Guide. The university’s normal high entry standards make the difference: they are 150 points ahead of the rest. Nottingham, the leader two years ago, is back up to second place, followed by Cardiff, which was one of seven universities to register full employment for the class of 2010. The others were Aston, Keele, Queen’s, Belfast, Reading, Robert Gordon and the University of London’s School of Pharmacy. Edinburgh, which shares fifth place with Queen’s, has the best research score and remains the leading university in Scotland. Cardiff is again the only representative of Wales. Robert Gordon is the highest-placed post-1992 university and is joined in the top 20 by Huddersfield. Entry standards are high: nearly half of the universities in the table average more than 400 points and only three less than 300.以下是2013年Times藥物學(xué)和藥劑排名。